Comparing Masters Study in the USA and Germany

Considering pursuing a Masters degree but not sure whether to head to the USA or Germany? Both countries offer excellent opportunities for postgraduate study, each with its own unique benefits. This comparison guide will help you weigh up your options by looking at key differences and similarities to help you make an informed decision.

Quality of education

USA

The USA is home to many of the world's top universities. Institutions such as Harvard, MIT, and Stanford are renowned for their cutting-edge research and academic excellence. The American education system encourages a broad-based curriculum, providing postgraduate students with a strong academic foundation.

Germany

Germany also takes pride in its high-quality education system. Universities like Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and Heidelberg University have a long history of academic rigor. German institutions tend to focus on specialised knowledge and practical skills, with many offering research opportunities that are closely linked to the industry.

Course structure

USA

Masters programmes in the USA typically last one to two years and consist of a combination of coursework, projects, exams, and a final thesis. The approach is often more flexible, allowing students to take elective courses outside their main field of study.

Germany

In Germany, Masters programmes generally last two years. The curriculum is highly structured and focuses intensively on the chosen field. Students are expected to complete exams, coursework, and a research-based thesis. Many Masters programmes in Germany are taught in English, particularly in technical and scientific disciplines.

Course types

USA

If you’re doing a Masters in America, you’ll be studying at a more advanced level and be expected to think and study more independently. However, your day-to-day experience will depend on the type of graduate programme you enrol on and what its intended outcomes are.

• Academic Masters programmes are similar to traditional taught Masters degrees in other countries. They focus on broad subject areas and conclude with a substantial research task and the submission of an associated thesis. However, they tend to be less specialised than their international equivalents. In most cases, students on academic Masters programmes choose from a range of modules (also called ‘courses’ or ‘classes’). ‘Core’ modules are mandatory (ones delivering core knowledge and methodological training) and others will be ‘elective’, giving you the freedom to shape some parts of your degree according to your interests.
• Professional Masters are often offered by specialist grad schools and provide the vocational skills and technical training required for particular professional careers. Professional Masters programmes are likely to have fewer elective modules than academic programmes. Instead, you will be required to complete a stricter syllabus of core training. Whereas academic Masters programmes conclude with a dissertation, professional Masters programmes usually replace this with a formal internship in a relevant company.

Germany

With more than 500 universities, there is plenty of choice for anyone wanting to study a Masters in Germany.

You'll find that universities in Germany are divided into four categories.

• Research universities (Universität) carry out academic research in various subjects. They award a range of Masters and PhD degrees.
• Technical universities (Technische Universität) traditionally specialise in science, technology and engineering research.
• Universities of Applied Science (Fachhochschulen) focus on practical subjects such as Engineering, Business and Social Science.
• Colleges of Art, Film and Music offer specialised practical instruction in creative disciplines.

We have a complete guide on the top Masters universities in Germany in which we look at each of these different kinds of postgraduate institutions as well as top 30 universities in the country.

Costs and funding

USA

Tuition fees in the USA can be quite high, ranging from $20,000 to $70,000 per year, depending on the institution and programme. However, there are numerous scholarships, assistantships, and loans available to help offset costs.

Germany

One of the most significant advantages of studying in Germany is its low-cost education system. Public universities in Germany often charge minimal tuition fees, which are typically under €1,000 per year for international students. Additionally, there are various scholarships available to help with living expenses.

Student life and culture

USA

The USA is known for its vibrant campus life. Universities often have a wide range of extracurricular activities, sports facilities, and student organisations. Living in the USA also provides a diverse cultural experience, with opportunities to explore different regions and lifestyles.

The average cost of living in the USA for students ranges between $1,504 to $1,850 per month. This should be enough to cover everything you need for the month, including your accommodation. However, this could vary depending on where you’re living and your lifestyle.

Germany

Something that makes Germany great for students is that, compared to other European countries, Germany is not overly expensive. Cost of living (including food, accommodation, clothing, entertainment) is on par with the EU average and relatively low compared to Scandinavian countries.

The recommended monthly budget for international students in Germany is around €867. This amount can vary from city to city and depending on your lifestyle! Student discounts and deals are widely available. These can be helpful if you are on a budget. The International Student Identity Card (ISIC) is also handy as it can offer a wide range of useful discounts while you’re studying in Germany.

Post-study opportunities

USA

After completing a Masters degree in the USA, international students can apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT), which allows them to work in the country for up to 12 months, or up to 36 months if they are STEM graduates.

Germany

Germany is keen to retain international talent. Graduates can apply for an 18-month residence permit to seek employment in their field. There is also a high demand for skilled workers, particularly in engineering, IT, and healthcare sectors, making it a viable option for career-oriented students.

Language requirements

USA

Most Masters programmes are taught in English. International students need to provide proof of English language proficiency through tests such as TOEFL or IELTS.

Germany

While many Masters programmes are available in English, particularly in scientific and technical fields, many are still taught in German. Students may need to demonstrate proficiency in German through tests like DSH or TestDaF.

Application process

USA

The application process for Masters programmes in the USA is comprehensive. It usually requires standardised test scores (such as GRE or GMAT), academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, and sometimes an interview.

Germany

The application process in Germany can be more straightforward. Requirements generally include a bachelors degree, academic transcripts, proof of language proficiency, and a motivation letter. Each university might have slightly different requirements, so it's always best to check with the specific institution.

Find Masters opportunities in the USA and Germany

Both the USA and Germany offer outstanding opportunities for Masters study, each with its own merits. The USA provides a flexible and broad-based education system with lively campus life. Germany offers high-quality education at a lower cost with strong industry ties and ample post-study work opportunities.

For more information, check out our in-depth guides on studying in Germany and the USA and browse all the latest Masters courses in the USA and Germany.