Masters Degrees (Medical Negligence)

Developments in medical research coupled with advances in technologies mean the boundaries of medicine are constantly changing. This innovative practice-based distance learning course has been designed to meet the distinct needs of healthcare professionals, legal practitioners and other professionals who are required to provide advice on medico-legal issues.

Combining a practical approach with an in-depth study of Medical Law you will develop legal knowledge, legal application and critical analysis skills as well as the professional and reflective skills necessary for practice.

The linked structure of the course gives you maximum flexibility in your studies. The PG Cert is the first stage award; you can either exit at this stage or progress to the PG Dip and LLM.

Please note, optional module choices will be grouped and will run in designated blocks, meaning some module combinations will not be possible. Although every effort is made to ensure that these modules are offered, there may be occasions, for example due to staff sabbaticals, where a module may not be offered or module running order may change.

Learn From The Best

When you choose Northumbria’s Postgraduate Certificate in Medical Law you will learn from inspirational academics that have a real passion for their subject.

You will develop your intellectual skills through modules that have has been designed with input from the sector and shaped by internationally excellent research to ensure the content is up-to-date and relevant. Lecturers have research expertise and practice-based experience in the areas of clinical negligence and consent, confidentiality, mental health, expert evidence, and employment.

The course is delivered by Northumbria Law School, three times winners of the prestigious “Best Law School” accolade, awarded by the Attorney General’s Student Pro Bono Awards.

Teaching And Assessment

In response to specific requests from healthcare professionals, the core modules of Clinical Negligence, Treatment: Consent and Patients’ Rights and Legal Research are designed to develop your skills and align your knowledge of medical law to current practice in the sector. Optional modules give you the opportunity to focus in on areas of the law that are most relevant to your career aspirations. All modules are taught from a practical viewpoint, enabling you to understand and apply the relevant law.

As a distance learning course, we focus heavily on reflective practice, placing you at the centre of the learning process. Assessment, both formative and summative, forms an integral part of the learning experience. Formative assessment includes self-test questions, group discussion, informal peer assessment and non-assessed exercises. The main summative assessment method is individual assignment to encourage a deep learning and a critical approach to learning.

Module Outline
LW7003 - Legal Research (Core, 20 Credits)
LW7021 - Clinical Negligence (Core, 20 Credits)
LW7022 - Treatment: Consent and Patients' Rights (Core, 20 Credits)

Learning Environment

Technology Enhanced Learning (‘TEL’) is an integral part of this innovative distance learning course. The eLearning portal provides access to detailed learning materials including lecture materials, study notes, discussion boards, virtual classrooms, self-evaluative tasks and opportunities to engage with your tutor and fellow students.

We offer optional study days in the Law School to help distance learning students get the best out of the course. Panopto software will be used to record teaching activity taking place on study days and the footage will be made available online.

Research-Rich Learning

Research is embedded throughout the course, and you will encounter all quadrants of research rich learning: research-tutored, research-led, research-based, and research-orientated. Starting with Legal Research, you will be exposed to a variety of research-informed experiences within subject modules.

Law School research focuses on the areas of Law and Society, Legal Education and Professional Skills, and the Centre for Evidence and Criminal Justice Studies. These internationally recognised groups act as a focus for research activity across the Law School, and their work feeds into taught courses to ensure the course content is informed by research developments in the sector.

Give Your Career An Edge

As well as enhancing your understanding of medical law, the Postgraduate Certificate enables you to apply the skills, knowledge, understanding and research from this course to common problems you are likely to experience in a working environment. Combining research-informed learning with a practical focus on medical law, you will develop skills in commercial awareness; clear and concise writing; informed decision-making; using feedback to improve performance; and resilience in combining distance learning study with job commitments.

You also have access to specialist careers support within the Law School, including employer engagement sessions.

Your Future

The course is relevant to a range of professions and whether lawyer, medic or manager, the Postgraduate Certificate will equip you with expert knowledge and theory in your chosen field along with critical, analytical, research and wider transferable skills. You will be able to recognise uncertainty in the law, to produce and present reasoned arguments, to offer creative solutions to complex legal and ethical issues, and ultimately, to take the next step in your chosen field.

The nature of the course means that, on completion, the majority of graduates progress to the Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Law.

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Programme description

The LLM in Medical Law and Ethics draws on the expertise and tradition of Edinburgh to deliver an internationally focussed, interdisciplinary programme that combines flexible learning with the most-up-to-date teaching on all of the important issues affecting medicine, law and ethics today.

This programme draws on the expertise and tradition of Edinburgh to deliver an internationally focused, interdisciplinary programme that combines flexible learning with the most up-to-date teaching on all of the important issues affecting medicine, law and ethics today.

Medical law is a fascinating field of study as advances in medical research and new technologies shift the boundaries of medicine. New health issues are emerging and patient rights are increasingly taking centre stage. New and complex medico-legal dilemmas arise in clinical practice, in the realities of human health, and in the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals.

The programme enables you to explore the international and interdisciplinary dimensions of medical law and ethics. You will have opportunities to examine healthcare policy and the regulation of medicine in different parts of the world. You will also evaluate responses to technology and debate possible futures for medical law.

Applications are welcomed from healthcare professionals, including doctors and nurses and from all those with an interest in this area.

Online learning

Our distance learning programmes are delivered through eSCRIPT, our flexible online learning environment.

Through eSCRIPT you will access learning materials and interact with your tutor and fellow students. eSCRIPT is accessible through the internet from any computer. A fast connection is an advantage, but you do not need any special equipment, applications or plug-ins to use it.

We aim to provide challenging, research-led teaching with students benefiting from the expertise of a multidisciplinary team of tutors and the results of innovative cross-cutting research of the highest quality.

Programme structure

You must complete a total of six courses (120 credits), four of which must be core medical law courses from the list below. You also complete a dissertation (60 credits) over your chosen period of study.

Core courses:

Compassionate Care and the Law
Law and Medical Ethics - Fundamental Issues in Consent and Negligence
Law and Medical Ethics - Start and End of Life Issues
Health, Research and Commercialisation
International Public Health Law and Security
Biotechnology, Law and Society
European Health Care Law

Learning outcomes

Having studied the programme, you will emerge with an understanding of medico-legal issues not just in the legal context, but with a sound grounding in ethics, social and theoretical contexts.

This programme is suitable to prepare students for advanced research.

Career opportunities

Graduates of our online distance learning programmes progress to a range of careers in Law and related legal fields, including work in local and international firms, government legal departments, other public institutions, international organisations and in academia.

The programmes are also an ideal platform for advanced research.

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In recent years, the law relating to medicine and healthcare has become increasingly complex and patients are becoming more aware of their legal rights. This has significant consequences for medical practices and questions of legal liability and compensation. Changes in the structure of the NHS are also giving rise to a number of important legal problems.

Our LLM Legal Aspects of Medical Practice was established in 1987 and aims to provide a sound knowledge of the legal rules applicable to, and the issues surrounding, the practice and administration of healthcare, as further changes make a deeper understanding of the field ever more significant.

This part-time, distance-learning course provides the opportunity to study topics in-depth and conduct research in areas of medical law of particular interest to you. The programme:

• Covers a wide spectrum of healthcare law topics.
• Stimulates a critical approach to evaluation of current and proposed regulation and cultivates independent and original thought.
• Enables you to undertake in-depth research and demonstrate advanced knowledge in specific areas of law.

Distinctive features

This course attracts a diverse student body from members of the medical and legal professions and is suitable for graduates in law, medicine, nursing, dentistry, psychiatry, pharmacology and associated healthcare and health management professionals.

CME points will be awarded to doctors where appropriate.

Structure

The programme is taught through lectures and seminars on residential weekends over a period of two years.

The programme is delivered in two stages. Stage One (the taught component) comprises four, compulsory 30-credit modules; Stage Two comprises the dissertation.

Stage One will run over two years and you will take two modules in each year; each module will be studied over two residential weekends and you will be assessed after the second residential weekend. You will progress to the dissertation upon successful completion of Stage One.

Core modules:

Introduction to Medical Law and the Law of Healthcare Management
Consent to Treatment
Clinical Negligence
Key Legal Aspects of Psychiatry and Reproductive Medicine and the Family
Dissertation (Part Time)

Teaching

Studying at postgraduate level is intensive and challenging and it is important that you take full advantage of the teaching that is provided in order to succeed. Attendance at all classes is compulsory and we will expect you to be well prepared.

Your modules will be delivered through seminars and lectures during residential weekends, individual and joint written oral presentations and distance learning.

Assessment

We make use of both formative and summative assessment.

Formative assessments do not count towards your degree but are designed to give you the opportunity to practice for your summative assessments and enable you and your tutors to assess your progress in your modules. Formative assessments will normally involve written coursework or a class test or may comprise individual student presentations.

Your marks in summative assessments count towards your final award. Each LLM Legal Aspects of Medical Practice module is summatively assessed by one 5000 word essay. The Dissertation (up to 15,000 words) comprises the Stage Two summative assessment.

Career Prospects

LLM Legal Aspects of Medical Practice graduates have gone on to become barristers, solicitors, coroners, police surgeons, general practitioners, consultants, dentists, NHS managers, pharmacists, nurse-tutors, doctors and dentists employed by the Department of Health and the Defence Organisations.

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Programme description

This general LLM programme is the ideal choice for students wishing to expose themselves to diverse areas of advanced legal scholarship.

Edinburgh Law School offers a very wide range of specialist courses, many taught by internationally recognised experts in their fields.

At present, key areas of research and teaching include:

international law

commercial and corporate law

criminal law

international economic law

international banking and finance

medical ethics

criminology

intellectual property

information technology law

European law

private law

comparative law

human rights

public law.

This allows students on the general LLM to take courses which make up a diverse and challenging curriculum and through which they will be able to develop a broad expertise in cutting-edge legal scholarship.

Programme structure

To ensure a programme of general interest there are no mandatory courses, however you may only select a certain number of credits (60 per semester) from particular fields. This is indicated in the course options list below. Please note that courses in bold are mandatory courses for other programmes and therefore may have waiting lists in operation.

Commercial Law

Choose a maximum of 40 credits:

Company Law (40 credits, full year course)

Contract Law in Europe (40 credits, full year course)

The Law of International Trade (40 credits, full year course)

Corporation Law and Economics (20 credits, semester 1)

International Commercial Arbitration (20 credits, semester 1)

Principles of Corporate Finance Law (20 credits, semester 1)

The Law of Secured Finance (20 credits, semester 1)

Comparative Corporate Governance (20 credits, semester 2)

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law (20 credits, semester 2)

European Labour Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Insolvency Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Principles of Insurance Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Criminal Law and Evidence

Choose a maximum of 60 credits:

General Principles of Criminal Law (20 credits, semester 1)

Current Issues in Criminal Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Sexual Offending and the Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Criminology

Choose a maximum of 60 credits:

Criminological Research Methods (40 credits, full year course)

Theoretical Criminology (20 credits, semester 1)

Criminal Justice and Penal Process (20 credits, semester 1)

Global Crime and Insecurity (20 credits, semester 1)

Cybercrime (20 credits, semester 2)

Mental Health and Crime (20 credits, semester 2)

Responding to Global Crime and Insecurity (20 credits, semester 2)

Surveillance and Security (20 credits, semester 2)

EU Law

Choose a maximum of 60 credits:

EU Competition Law (40 credits, full year course)

EU Constitutional Law (20 credits, semester 1)

EU Fundamental Rights Law (20 credits, semester 2)

IP, Media and Technology Law

Choose a maximum of 40 credits:

Intellectual Property Law 1: Copyright and Related Rights (20 credits, semester 1)

International Intellectual Property System (20 credits, semester 1)

The Legal Challenges of Information Technologies (20 credits, semester 1)

Robotics and the Law (20 credits, semester 1)

Contemporary Issues in the Law and Policy of e-Commerce, the Digital Economy and International Information Governance (20 credits, semester 2)

Data Protection and Information Privacy (20 credits, semester 2)

Information: Control and Power (20 credits, semester 2)

Intellectual Property - Law and Society (20 credits, semester 2)

International and European Media Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Law and New Technologies: Artificial Intelligence, Risk and the Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Law of E-Commerce (20 credits, semester 2)

Managing Intellectual Property (20 credits, semester 2)

International Law

Choose a maximum of 40 credits:

Fundamental Issues in International Law (40 credits, full year course)

International Criminal Law (40 credits, full year course)

International Environmental Law (40 credits, full year course)

WTO Law (40 credits, full year course)

History and Theory of International Law (20 credits, semester 1)

International Climate Change Law (20 credits, semester 1)

International Human Rights Law (20 credits, semester 1)

International Investment Law (20 credits, semester 1)

International Law of the Sea (20 credits, semester 1)

Advanced Issues in International Economic Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Diplomatic Law (20 credits, semester 2)

EU Climate Change and Energy Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Inter-State Conflict and Humanitarian Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Legal History and Legal Theory

Choose a maximum of 60 credits:

Traditions of Legal Inquiry (20 credits, semester 1)

Reasoning with Precedent (20 credits, semester 1)

Law and the Enlightenment (20 credits, semester 2)

The Anatomy of Public Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Medical Law

Choose a maximum of 60 credits:

Fundamental Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits, semester 1)

Risk and Regulation: Health and the Environment (20 credits, semester 1)

Contemporary Issues in Medical Jurisprudence (20 credits, semester 2)

Life Sciences, Society and Law (10 credits, semester 2)

Medical Negligence (10 credits, semester 2)

Private Law

Choose a maximum of 60 credits:

Comparative Property Law (20 credits, semester 1)

Delict and Tort (20 credits, semester 1)

Principles of International Tax Law (20 credits, semester 1)

Comparative and International Trust Law (20 credits, semester 2)

EUCOTAX Wintercourse (20 credits, semester 2)

Family Law in Comparative Perspectives (20 credits, semester 2)

International Private Law: Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments (20 credits, semester 2)

Principles of European Tax Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Public Law

Choose a maximum of 60 credits:

Human Rights and Conflict Resolution (20 credits, semester 2)

Human Rights Law in Europe (20 credits, semester 2)

The Anatomy of Public Law (20 credits, semester 2)

Learning outcomes

By the end of this programme, you should have acquired a more sophisticated understanding of your chosen subjects, including the diverse functions of law in contemporary society, differing approaches to the subject and a greater familiarity with research materials and methods.

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Overview
The LLM in Medical Law is one of 20 LLM programmes of study at Queen Mary.

Overview

The LLM in Medical Law programme engages with a new and expanding field which offers considerable scope for interdisciplinary study and collaboration. The responsibilities of those providing health care and the expectations of those receiving it are legally defined, and as a consequence the law is increasingly involved in dispute resolution.

The programme offers a comprehensive examination of the role of law within the contemporary healthcare environment. It provides a sound knowledge and understanding of the institutions and organisations associated with medical law and the interrelationships between them.

The LLM in Medical Law is suitable for you, if you are a law graduate or a practising lawyer, or legal executive, with an interest in developing your knowledge of medical law and health policy.

Your fellow students will come from the UK and more than 80 other countries, each able to draw on prior academic and in many cases professional experiences from different jurisdictions to enrich discussion and debate in class.

Taught Modules

To specialise in this area, you must select 90 credits of modules from this list and do your compulsory dissertation in the field of Medical Law (45 credits). The additional 45 credits of taught modules can be in this area or can be unrelated and therefore selected from the full list of LLM modules.

All modules are 45 credits unless otherwise stated.

Note: Not all of the modules listed will be available in any one year. Any modules not available in the forthcoming academic session will be marked as soon as this information is confirmed.


◦ QLLM005 Advanced Medical Negligence
◦ QLLM041 Intellectual Property Aspects of Medicine
◦ QLLM077 Medical Jurisprudence
◦ QLLM078 Mental Health Law
◦ QLLM081 New Medical Technologies and the Law
◦ QLLM125 Medical Law and the Family (Not running in 2014-15)
◦ QLLM189 European Healthcare Law
◦ QLLM190 EU Healthcare law: Rights, Policies and Instruments (22.5 credits Semester 1)
◦ QLLM191 Competition and Regulation in EU Healthcare Markets (22.5 credits Semester 2)
QLLM319 The Regulation of the Health Professions in the UK (22.5 credits Sem 1) New for 2015
QLLM320 The Regulation of the Health Systems in the UK (22.5 credits Sem 2) New for 2015

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Individual and population health is a matter of growing social concern. Achieving good health and delivering effective healthcare demands innovation. A variety of fields have a role to play, including law.

This programme examines topics that reflect some of the main contemporary legal and ethical challenges faced by those working in medicine, and places them in their social and historical context.

These include issues that arise in the context of genetics, assisted reproduction, abortion, standards of medical treatment, transplantation medicine, mental health, advance decisions, assisted suicide, medical research, and the allocation of scarce resources.

We offer students the opportunity to study the fundamentals of medical law and ethics, both international and domestic, at an advanced level, and the opportunity to take more specialised courses on issues of contemporary significance, encouraging and supporting the development of research skills necessary for a career in medical law or ethics.

The legal and ethical experts who deliver this programme come from a wide range of disciplines from across the University, and they benefit from a close association with the J Kenyon Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and Law.

Programme structure

This programme offers a range of subjects that covers a broad spectrum of contemporary issues in medical law, jurisprudence and ethics, from an international and interdisciplinary perspective, allowing you to tailor a programme to suit your interests.

For 2017/18 the programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits.

The 120 credits of taught courses for 2017/18 are made up of the following mandatory and option courses.

Mandatory courses (100 credits)

20 credit courses in semester 1

• Fundamental Issues in Medical Jurisprudence
• Governance of Innovative Medicine - New for 2017!
• Risk and Regulation: Health and the Environment

20 credit courses in semester 2

• Contemporary Issues in Medical Jurisprudence
• Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society* (10 credits)
• Medical Negligence* (10 credits)

*These programmes are co-requisite.

Option Courses

The remaining 20-credits can be taken from the list of Law School courses and courses offered by other Schools in the University of Edinburgh from the list below.

Courses from the School of Law

• Human Rights Law in Europe
• Mental Health and Crime
• Inter-State Conflict and Humanitarian Law

Courses from outside the School of Law

• Controversies in Science and Technology (School of Social and Political Science - 20 credits, semester 2)
• Cultures of Human Rights & Humanitarianism (School of Social and Political Science - 20 credits, semester 2)
• Climate Change, Justice and Responsibility (School of Social and Political Science - 20 credits, semester 2)
• Gender and Development (School of Social and Political Science - 20 credits, semester 2)
• Gender and Sexuality in Global Politics (School of Social and Political Science - 20 credits, semester 2)
• Social Determinants of Health and Public Policy (School of Social and Political Science - 20 credits, semester 2)

We cannot guarantee that all courses will run each year, and will provide adequate notice of any changes to the programme structure and courses.

• Read more about the programme structure and courses

Learning outcomes

By the end of the programme, you will be able to:

• identify areas of law relevant to contemporary issues in the broad healthcare setting
• identify gaps, inconsistencies, or instances of inappropriate or over-regulation in healthcare and nascent fields
• build on your understanding of key values in medical law and ethics, such as autonomy, solidarity, justice, reciprocity
• build on your understanding of key mechanisms in medical law and ethics, such as consent, confidentiality, human rights, etc
• appreciate the international dimensions of medicine and its regulation, including the growing importance of European regulation and international agreements
• appreciate the limits of law in discerning appropriate social responses to new medical and technical advances
• develop critical thinking informed by legal, ethical, and social science analysis, and apply that thinking to comment upon the law’s role and appropriate responses to contemporary issues
• experience the benefits of undertaking study in different learning environments (both on-campus and online)

You will engage with different learning environments and modes of class participation, and will draw upon and develop a range of skills. The programme will foster imaginative ways of unpacking and responding to contemporary issues in ways that do not necessarily follow or merely apply existing paradigms or legal constructs.

You will demonstrate a sound grasp of the foundational elements of medical law and ethics, including the role of the law and its various mechanisms (eg: consent, confidentiality, reasonableness, negligence) and the cross-cutting human rights dimensions.

You will develop critical thinking informed by ethical analysis, and apply that thinking to comment on and critique the law’s role in regulating medicine, healthcare services, research, and nascent fields.

Other skills you will develop include:

• general intellectual skills, such as independent critical analysis, interdisciplinary understandings of common problems, problem-solving through reasoned and well-justified ethical and legal discourse, synthesis of complex information and ability to subject to informed critique
• personal skills, such as written and oral skills, group working and interaction skills, intellectual development through interdisciplinary engagement and blended learning environment
• study-derived personal virtues, such as autonomy, critical self-reflection, consideration of others and academic integrity

Career opportunities

This programme can lead to a range of employment opportunities and specialised academic work, including: specialised training for solicitor or advocate work with an emphasis on health related issues; professional care providers; ethics review panel members; health policy and/or patient advocates (e.g. NGOs); or health policy designers (e.g. governmental legal advisers, consultants, etc).

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About the course

The course applies our staff expertise in medical law and ethics to issues that you will encounter in the workplace. You will be taught by staff with healthcare experience as well as backgrounds in law. Within the LLM programme, each student has the opportunity to develop his or her own interests with the freedom to choose from a range of module options.
•Informa
This course is delivered in partnership with Informa Professional Academy, an organisation dedicated to working with leading academic bodies to provide high-calibre and well respected distance learning postgraduate courses
•Develop your own personal pathway
This course combines one core module with a diverse range of optional modules
•Study at your own pace
Enjoy flexible distance learning, with the option to exit at one of several points with a postgraduate award
•Differentiate yourself in the job market
Gain a competitive edge by increasing your knowledge of medical law
•Boost your employability
Improve your career and employability options in a globalised job market

Teaching and assessment

The LLM is studied by distance learning and is fully assessed by coursework and a dissertation. The distance learning mode involves optional attendance at Leicester De Montfort Law School, for a maximum of ten Saturday study days during the period of study. The course is structured in a way that allows you to exit at one of several points, if desired, each with a postgraduate award.

Course modules

Introduction to Healthcare Law and Ethics – this module will introduce you to the structure of the NHS, professional self-regulation and access to healthcare. You will also look at the legal concepts of criminal and civil liabilities underpinned by ethical theories and principles.

You will also select elective modules which might include:
•Medical Negligence
•Patient Safety, Quality & Professional Regulation in Healthcare Law
•Consent and Incapacitated Patient
•Coroners Law
•Expert Evidence
•Issues Relating to the Creation and
•Saving of Life
•Issues Relating to the Termination of Life
•Medical Research Law
•Mental Health Law
•Negotiated Study
•Philosophy of Health Care
•Dental Law, Practice and Ethics
•Public Procurement Law and Practice

Dissertation
You must also undertake a dissertation, providing an invaluable opportunity to work in depth on a particular aspect of the law. You will need to apply and enhance your technical knowledge and critical awareness in a subject of your choice. In order to obtain the LLM in Medical Law and Ethics your dissertation must have a medical law theme.

Note: All modules are subject to change in order to keep content current.

Graduate careers

This course equips you to enter legal and other work relating to medical and ethical issues.

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Law is a highly competitive field and a masters qualifying law degree, or a postgraduate diploma in law, will make you stand out from the crowd. Take your first step towards becoming a solicitor or barrister with a course that combines all the core modules required by the regulating bodies for both professions.

Taught by experienced tutors including trained solicitors and barristers with significant professional expertise in all areas of law, you will learn the theory and how to apply it in practice. Your research project gives you the opportunity to focus on an area of law that interests you, and the breadth of expertise in the department means that you will receive specialist support on a wide variety of topics, from medical negligence to terrorism or intellectual property.

Teaching is delivered in small face-to-face classes combined, where appropriate, with online lectures, enabling you to return to them as often as you need.

Visit the website http://courses.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/law_qualifying_llm

Mature Applicants

Our University welcomes applications from mature applicants who demonstrate academic potential. We usually require some evidence of recent academic study, for example completion of an access course, however recent relevant work experience may also be considered. Please note that for some of our professional courses all applicants will need to meet the specified entry criteria and in these cases work experience cannot be considered in lieu.

If you wish to apply through this route you should refer to our University Recognition of Prior Learning policy that is available on our website (http://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/studenthub/recognition-of-prior-learning.htm).

Please note that all applicants to our University are required to meet our standard English language requirement of GCSE grade C or equivalent, variations to this will be listed on the individual course entry requirements.

Careers

You could progress to the next stage of legal trainingby undertaking a Postgraduate Diploma in Legal Practice to train as a solicitoror the Bar Professional Training Course to become a barrister. Roles thatrequire a deep-rooted knowledge of the law will also be open to you, includingthat of a paralegal or a court reporter. You could also apply your lawknowledge in marketing, local government, mental health or social work.

- Solicitor
- Barrister
- Court reporter
- Paralegal

Careers advice: The dedicated Jobs and Careers team offers expert advice and a host of resources to help you choose and gain employment. Whether you're in your first or final year, you can speak to members of staff from our Careers Office who can offer you advice from writing a CV to searching for jobs.

Visit the careers site - https://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/employability/jobs-careers-support.htm

Course Benefits

You will be taught by lecturers who have worked in some of the top UK firms, including DLA Piper, Eversheds, Walker Morris and Herbert Smith Freehills. As well as excellent academic teaching, our staff will provide you with professional and practical support to help you progress your career.

Law qualifying courses have been taught by our Leeds Law School since 1979 and many of our alumni now act as mentors to our students, helping them to get ahead by offering careers advice, work experience and even job opportunities.

A specialist study room, accessible only by students on our postgraduate courses, is fitted with computer terminals and legal texts. We also have a courtroom where you can put theory into practice in simulated trials.

Leeds is one of the largest legal centres outside London and offers a wealth of job and placement opportunities. You'll benefit from our close links with firms in the city and from the contacts and possible career opportunities provided by your professional mentor.

Indicative Core Modules

Foundations of Contract Law
Study the role of the law in defining, creating, imposing, regulating and enforcing freely negotiated and agreed contractual obligations between two or more contracting parties.

Foundations of Tort Law
Examine civil law liability for a wrong or 'tort', including negligence, occupier's liability and trespass to the person, considering how tort protects reputation and personal integrity.

Foundations of Public Law
Understand the relationship between the different organs of the State and the individual, including royal prerogative, human rights, judicial review and police powers.

Foundations of Equity & Trusts
Learn how and why trusts are created, their different and legal frameworks, the principles of equity affecting their creation and the use of trusts in practice.

Foundations of EU Law
Explore the founding principles of the law of the European Union to enable critical understanding of the nature and purpose of European developments and regulations.

Foundations of Property Law
Study the fundamental issues relating to the concept of property, its ownership, and the rights and obligations created by the ownership of land.

Foundations of Criminal Law
Understand the general principles of law governing criminal responsibility set within their social context, the concept of moral responsibility and the philosophy of punishment.

Independent Legal Research Project
You will explore and develop ideas on a legal topic of your choosing in a written submission.

Facilities

- Courtroom
Our Leeds Law School is located in our Portland building, close to the city’s legal quarter. Our students can hone their legal expertise in purpose-built facilities, including our very own courtroom.

- The Rose Bowl
The Rose Bowl has impressive teaching spaces, auditoriums, conference facilities and an outstanding local reputation as a business hub. The Rose Bowl puts our students at the centre of a dynamic business community.

- Library
Our Library is open 24/7, every day of the year. However you like to work, we have got you covered with group and silent study areas, extensive e-learning resources and PC suites.

Find out how to apply here - http://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/postgraduate/how-to-apply/

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Strengthen your knowledge and skills in legal practice through in-depth research on a topic of your choice.

Who is it for?

This course is for students who have completed their LPC at The City Law School, are looking to enhance their CVs, and demonstrate commitment to legal practice.

Objectives

After finishing the LPC at City, through the LLM programme, students can demonstrate their commitment to a specific area of legal practice by completing research and a dissertation. The course aims to strengthen students’ CV and enhance employability.

Students will develop a dissertation proposal, and subject to acceptance, carry out research and writing with the support of an experienced supervisor from within The City Law School.

Choice of topic is entirely down to the student, although LPC tutors can provide guidance on this. Previous topics have included:
-The case for medical negligence tribunals.
-Company directors’ statutory duties.
-Insider dealing.
-Pre-nuptial contracts.
-Sharia law.

Academic facilities

As a City Law School student you will benefit from everything the Institution has to offer including the Learning Success department and Lawbore, an online resource designed to help you find the information you need for the course modules. All course modules have online depositories through Moodle.

The City Law School has its own dedicated administration team and you also have access to two legal libraries, one at the Gray’s Inn campus and the other based on site at our Northampton Square campus. As part of the University of London you can also become a member of Senate House Library for free with your student ID card.

Our excellent location in London puts us within walking distance of the British Library which has a collection of over 150 million items and extensive law resources.

Teaching and learning

This is a distance learning module with no taught lessons. However an induction session will be provided around the time of registration for each cohort. This session will give guidance on research methods, resources and the supervision process.

Students will be provided with ongoing supervisor support throughout the research process and dissertation writing. Students complete a 15,000 to 20,000 word dissertation which is submitted online at one of three submission dates.

Career prospects

The course has been developed to enhance the employability of its graduates. Students who have a training contract can use the dissertation to demonstrate commitment to an area of practice. Students seeking a training contract or pursuing an alternative legal career can use the qualification to strengthen their CV.

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The Law School at Staffordshire University is recognised as one of the best Law Schools in the country for undergraduate, postgraduate and professional awards.

Our Common Professional Examination (CPE) is accredited by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and the Bar Standards Board. Our Legal Practice Course (LPC) has received the highest possible SRA rating of ‘Commendable Practice’ in all areas. Our LLM awards are the acknowledged way to further legal expertise and hone research skills.

Choose to complete the LLM Healthcare Law and Ethics at the Staffordshire University Law School and you will be taught by renowned academics and benefit from the expertise that stems from our links with major legal practices.

World-class, our Law School is purpose built, well-equipped and offers modern lecture theatres, an excellent Law Library with a Learning Resources Centre, mock courtroom with video facilities, Legal Practice rooms and study rooms.

Flexible study
Understanding that you may need to balance study around work, our LLM programme offers considerable flexibility in terms of time, content and outcome.

You may attend to study the LLM Healthcare Law and Ethics full-time (one morning and afternoon each week) or part-time (one morning or afternoon each week).

As well as Law graduates, students with non-Law degrees and from non common Law jurisdictions may study on the LLM. Students may be credited for prior study.

What it's about
As medical science advances, the implications for all of us at the beginning and end of life are phenomenal. The legal framework surrounding treatment, the denial of treatment, medical malpractice and negligence, abortion and euthanasia raises fundamental ethical questions which necessitate an understanding of not only Law, but policy and philosophy. The role of the Law within healthcare is now greater than ever before and the LLM in Healthcare Law and Ethics offers a great opportunity to grasp the nettle, whether you are a lawyer, medical professional or potential academic.

What you do
For a general LLM award, you may offer the required credits from any combination of modules available within the programme. The 15-credit single module Legal Research Methodology is compulsory if you do not have postgraduate research training. It is also a good introductory module if you are returning to study after a gap.

In addition, if you have graduated in a subject other than Law, or are a Law graduate from a non common-Law jurisdiction, you will normally be required to take part, or all, of the single module. For the award of LLM, where a dissertation is required, that dissertation may be on any legal topic.
Please note: not all modules may be offered in any single semester, or indeed in any single academic year, but every effort will be made to accommodate your wishes

LLM awards with Specific Subject Designators
To receive a specific named award, such as the LLM Healthcare Law and Ethics, you must study at least 30 credits worth of taught modules in the designated subject area and your dissertation must also be in that area. Where there is the possibility of a number of named routes being available, you will be able to select the designation of your award when you submit your dissertation.
DEGREE CLASSIFICATION
Masters degrees are awarded in three classifications: pass, merit and distinction.

Where Next
Apply directly to Staffordshire University
For more information about LLM please visit the Law School Webpage
The LLM Healthcare Law and Ethics is particularly suited to medical practitioners who wish to retrain/gain a legal perspective or undertake legal training as part of their Continuous Professional Development, and Law students seeking a specialist route prior to commencing an LPC/BVC. For a full range of career opportunities, please refer to the general LLM award

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Whether you are interested in learning more about the legal and ethical aspects of your job, recognise the impact a qualification with a legal and ethical basis can have on prospects of promotion, or simply have an interest in healthcare law, this programme is for you.

Why study Healthcare Law and Ethics at Dundee?

Healthcare Law and Ethics is concerned with how the law regulates certain aspects of healthcare practice, why it does so, and whether it does so effectively, and in accordance with ethical principles.

The programme has been devised to accommodate busy healthcare professionals. Unlike other programmes, this one is not open to law graduates, but has been designed specifically for those whose first degree is in a healthcare subject such as medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, etc.

The programme aims to give you an understanding and appreciation of law and ethics as they apply to professional practice. It will help you understand legal and ethical concepts, terminology and sources of law.

It is offered on a part-time, modular basis with the emphasis being on Distance Learning. This flexibility allows you to study at a time and place of your own choosing and at a pace that is comfortable for you.

"From the beginning of the programme, I was challenged. I was challenged to think, challenged to explore, and challenged to engage more deeply with concepts within the realms of law, ethics and health care that I hadn't previously reflected upon to the same degree. The organization of the course and the quality of the instructors greatly facilitated my understanding of concepts and encouraged me to engage in further readings so as to continue to expand my intellectual horizons."
Ahman B. Haji, graduate

What's great about Healthcare Law and Ethics at Dundee?

In the Times Good University Guide 2012 Dundee Law School was placed 7th in the United Kingdom law school rankings, and we were ranked 1st in Scotland in the 2011 National Student Survey (NSS).

In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise Dundee Law School was one of only two law schools in the United Kingdom to achieve a 100% international standard classification, with half of our submissions being graded internationally excellent or world leading. Our commitment on is to provide high quality instruction, with a focus on matters of practical relevance, to prepare students for a successful legal career, whether at home or abroad.

Dundee Law School prides itself as being a friendly Law School where all members of staff are accessible and students are treated as individuals and valued members of our legal community.

Who should study this course?

This course is not for those with a law degree, but instead is suitable for graduates holding a medical or dental degree, or another health care subject (including nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy) with at least 2 years post-qualifying experience, or a minimum of 5 years' practice in a healthcare profession.

Careers

A qualification with a legal and ethical basis can improve your prospects of promotion in the field of healthcare.

We have close links with employers and we offer programmes to support and develop the employability of our students. Our good reputation throughout the profession and close links to employers help Dundee graduates find employment.

"Completion of all three years has certainly provided me with an excellent knowledge of the critical areas of medical law, such as negligence and consent, as well as more controversial and current issues. It has also taught me to critique and argue with facts (rather than simply recite them) in a cogent and succinct manner"

Douglas Hamilton, LLM 2009

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The MA in Healthcare Ethics & Law course aims to provide the highest quality of training in health care ethics and health care law in a flexible and interdisciplinary way. There is an emphasis on the application of bioethical and legal theory to real world scenarios, thus catering to the practical needs of health care and legal professionals and those in related fields. Students gain an expert knowledge and understanding of bioethical and medico-legal theories, and the skills needed to apply them to real world scenarios in a diverse range of contexts. They will also develop the ethical and medico-legal knowledge and research skills required for writing a Masters-level dissertation, and will be well prepared for further research if they so desire.

You study a wide variety of ethical and legal subjects including autonomy, consent, refusal of treatment, confidentiality, the moral status of the foetus, resource allocation, genetic testing, HIV testing, medical malpractice, clinical negligence, organ and tissue transplantation, fertility treatment, genetic manipulation, research ethics, stem cell research and euthanasia.

Teaching and learning

Teaching tends to defy the traditional boundaries associated with lectures and seminars. Generally, each class in a course unit has a duration of 2 hours, and is split roughly equally between a formal, didactic period and a structured discussion period (most often based on the so-called challenge-response model). Nevertheless, each class is considered a seminar or lecture, and attendance of all classes of a course unit for which a student is enrolled is thus compulsory . For course units of 15 credit value there will generally be 15 hours of face-to-face teaching throughout the semester in which the unit is delivered, and twice that amount for 30 credit units.

Coursework and assessment

Assessment of all taught course units (to a total of 120 credits) is by assessed coursework in the form of essays of 4,000 words per 15 credit course unit and up to 7,000 words for the two 30 credit core course units. In addition, students who wish to complete the MA must submit a 12,000 to 15,000 word dissertation by independent research (60 credits); no dissertation is required for the PGDip or PGCert. Part-time students undertake a supervised dissertation in the summer months of year two. Please note that the part-time students can extend their registration for extra 3 months to submit their dissertations in December of their second year, instead of September (you will be advised of the exact date on the second year of the course).

Those who do not successfully complete the MA you may be considered for the award of the Postgraduate Diploma.

Those who do not successfully complete the Postgraduate Diploma may be considered for the award of the Postgraduate Certificate.
The awards of the MA or Postgraduate Diploma are classified according to Pass/Merit/Distinction. The Postgraduate Certificate is awarded unclassified.

Career opportunities

Successful graduates are able to progress within a wide variety of roles in both medical, legal and ethical fields. Graduates from previous years have, for example, proceeded to specialise in medico-legal practice and academic careers, and the degrees have enhanced the careers of healthcare professionals.

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This unique degree programme explores how the law responds to, regulates and promotes new and emerging technologies.

The programme promotes advanced knowledge and understanding of the relationship between law, technology, commerce and society in the widest possible sense.

This unique and internationally focused LLM programme explores how the law responds to, regulates, and promotes new and emerging technologies.

Innovative technologies and convergence in technologies are causing unprecedented societal change. New legal issues are arising, and new regulatory responses emerging. The law can help – or hinder – society’s ability to reap the optimal rewards from technological development.

Across the programme, you will study different modes of regulation – the law, the markets, the technology itself – and critically analyse the advantages and disadvantages of each. The potential of technology to support legal and judicial processes is also examined.

This LLM will enable you to develop an advanced knowledge of domains where law engages with technology, awareness of the problems in the area and understanding of the differing approaches to their solution.

Online learning

Our distance learning programmes are delivered through eSCRIPT, our flexible online learning environment.

Through eSCRIPT you will access learning materials and interact with your tutor and fellow students. eSCRIPT is accessible through the internet from any computer. A fast connection is an advantage, but you do not need any special equipment, applications or plug-ins to use it.

We aim to provide challenging, research-led teaching with students benefiting from the expertise of a multidisciplinary team of tutors and the results of innovative cross-cutting research of the highest quality.

Programme structure

You must complete a total of six courses (120 credits), five of which must be from the compulsory courses listed below. You also complete a dissertation (60 credits) over your chosen period of study.

Core courses offered in 2016/17:

• Communications Law
• Electronic Commerce Law
• Forensic Computing and Electronic Evidence
• Information: Control and Power
• Law of Robotics
• Information Technology Law
• Intellectual Property Law – Copyright and Related Rights
• Intellectual Property Law – Industrial Property
• International Intellectual Property Law
• International and European Media Law
• Legal Aspects of Managing Intellectual Property
• Law and Medical Ethics – Fundamental Issues in Consent and Negligence
• Law and Medical Ethics – Start and End of Life Issues
• International Public Health Law and Security
• Biotechnology, Bioethics and Society
• European Health Care Law

Please note the available choice of courses in any given year may change.

• Detailed course descriptions

Learning outcomes

By the end of your studies you should have acquired a high level of knowledge in the field of law and technology, a sophisticated awareness of the problems in the area and of the differing approaches to their solution.

Career opportunities

Graduates of our online distance learning programmes progress to a range of careers in Law and related legal fields, including work in local and international firms, government legal departments, other public institutions, international organisations and in academia.

The programmes are also an ideal platform for advanced research.

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The Postgraduate Certificate in Acute and Critical Care addresses the complex care required by critically ill patients.

Patients can become acutely or critically ill at any time and the more ill the patient becomes, the more likely they are to be vulnerable, physiologically unstable and require complex care. Acutely or critically ill patients exist throughout many settings in hospitals and beyond, and there is a need to ensure the quality of care is delivered by knowledgeable health care practitioners.

This one year acute and critical care nursing course is suitable if you work in ICU, CCU, HDU, A&E, theatres, medical/surgical assessment units (MAU/SAU), pre-hospital care and general acute wards.

See the website http://courses.southwales.ac.uk/courses/709-postgraduate-certificate-acute-and-critical-care

What you will study

- Applied Physiology of Acute and Critical Illness
This module looks at critically analysing the impact of pathophysiology on acute and critically ill adult patients and to understand altered physiology. You will explore the consequences of acute and critical illness on homeostasis using a wide knowledge base of normal and altered physiology to understand key treatments. The module will also focus on cardio-respiratory physiology, neurological control and acute medical conditions.

- Care and Management of the Acute and Critically Ill
You will critically evaluate the complexity of care issues in relation to acutely and critically ill adult patients and analyse the context of that care. The effectiveness of care implementation across a range of patient presentations will be analysed with consideration given to the processes of assessment, monitoring and intervention.

- Legal and Professional Issues in Caring for the Acute and Critically Ill
In this module you will undertake a critical evaluation of service delivery systems from legal and professional perspectives. This includes the right to health care; upholding human rights; duty and standards of care; professional negligence and the application of these to professional practice in acute and critical care contexts. Topics such as life and death, euthanasia, legal definitions of death, organ and tissue donation are also considered in terms of the implications on practitioners caring for acute and critically ill patients.

Learning and teaching methods

You will study through a mixture of lectures,group work, patient scenarios, interactive tutorials and seminar presentations. You will need to attend University one day a week, currently our students are taught on Fridays at 9am-5pm.

Work Experience and Employment Prospects

You will develop personally and professionally within your specialist clinical area. The course will also enable you to develop a high level of skill in transferring complex theoretical knowledge into comprehensive, patient-centred and focused clinical practice.

Assessment methods

Modules are assessed through multiple-choice questions, viva voce (oral examination), assignments, Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) and written evidence of personal and professional development. The OSCEs will take place in May each year and be completed as part of the clinical skills modules and involve undertaking a comprehensive patient history, examining a particular bodily system, and identifying a management and treatment plan for the individual.

Facilities

Our state of the art Clinical Simulation Centre replicates an acute care NHS environment, providing realistic clinical facilities for our nursing and midwifery students and qualified healthcare professionals.

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The LLM Healthcare Ethics and Law aims to provide the highest quality of training in healthcare ethics and healthcare law in a flexible and interdisciplinary way.

There is an emphasis on the application of bioethical and legal theory to real world scenarios, thus catering to the practical needs of healthcare and legal professionals and those in related fields.

You will study a wide variety of ethical and legal subjects including autonomy, consent, refusal of treatment, confidentiality, the moral status of the foetus, resource allocation, genetic testing, HIV testing, medical malpractice, clinical negligence, organ and tissue transplantation, fertility treatment, genetic manipulation, research ethics, stem cell research and euthanasia.

Aims

This course will allow you develop an expert knowledge and understanding of bioethical and medico-legal theories, and the skills needed to apply them to real world scenarios in a diverse range of contexts.

You will also develop the ethical and medico-legal knowledge and research skills required for writing a master's level dissertation, and will be well prepared for further research if you so desire.

Teaching and learning

Teaching tends to defy the traditional boundaries associated with lectures and seminars. Generally, each class in a course unit has a duration of 2 hours, and is split roughly equally between a formal, didactic period and a structured discussion period (most often based on the so-called challenge-response model). Nevertheless, each class is considered a seminar or lecture, and attendance of all classes of a course unit for which a student is enrolled is thus compulsory . For course units of 15 credit value there will generally be 15 hours of face-to-face teaching throughout the semester in which the unit is delivered, and twice that amount for 30 credit units.

Coursework and assessment

Assessment of all taught course units (to a total of 120 credits) is by assessed coursework in the form of essays of 4,000 words per 15 credit course unit and up to 7,000 words for the two 30 credit core course units. In addition, students who wish to complete the LLM must submit a 12,000 to 15,000 word dissertation by independent research (60 credits); no dissertation is required for the PGDip or PGCert. Part-time students undertake a supervised dissertation in the summer months of year two. Please note that the part-time students can extend their registration for extra 3 months to submit their dissertations in December of their second year, instead of September (you will be advised of the exact date on the second year of the course).

Those who do not successfully complete the MA you may be considered for the award of the Postgraduate Diploma.

Those who do not successfully complete the Postgraduate Diploma may be considered for the award of the Postgraduate Certificate.

The awards of the MA or Postgraduate Diploma are classified according to Pass/Merit/Distinction. The Postgraduate Certificate is awarded unclassified.

Career opportunities

Successful graduates are able to progress within a wide variety of roles in both Medical, Legal and Ethical fields. Graduates from previous years have, for example, proceeded to specialise in Medico-Legal practice and academic careers, and the degrees have enhanced the careers of health care professionals.

Read less