Masters Degrees (Arbitration)

The LLM/MSc Construction Law and Arbitration provides practical and valuable training in the fast moving and highly specialist disciplines of Construction Law and Dispute Resolution and Construction Adjudication.

This course will equip the professional with an in-depth knowledge and understanding of key topics in the fields of construction law and dispute resolution. It is suitable for the wide range of professionals who need to keep up-to-date with developments in these areas. It provides an understanding of how the system works alongside knowledge and skills in the alternatives to litigation, adjudication and arbitration available. There is the option of a Construction Adjudication route - adjudication is a very common form of dispute resolution in the UK construction industry.

The course offers flexible online study by distance learning so busy professionals are able to study at their own pace. A previous degree in law is not a prerequisite for this course. The course is good for prospective students who are lawyers, Surveyors, construction industry professionals, oil and gas professional, architects, contract Managers and Administrators, project managers.

Visit the website http://www.rgu.ac.uk/law/study-options/distance-and-flexible-learning/construction-law-and-arbitration

Course detail

Practical training is enhanced by looking at recent and future developments. The focus is on UK cases and materials and, where appropriate, international aspects which will allow those students studying outwith the Scottish and UK sectors to benefit.

The course offers 3 optional study routes as follows (further details on each module are available via the links below):

ARBITRATION ROUTE

Stage 1
•Law of Obligations and Evidence (double module)
•Arbitration Law
•Arbitration Practice & Procedure

Students who are interested in the Fellowship Status of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (FCIArb) must complete the Arbitral Award Writing short course.

Exit Award: Postgraduate Certificate in Arbitration

Stage 2
•Construction Law
•Advanced Construction Law
•Construction Contracts In Context
•International Construction Contracts

Exit Award: Postgraduate Diploma in Construction Law and Arbitration

Stage 3
•Dissertation

Exit Award: LLM/MSc Construction Law and Arbitration

ADJUDICATION ROUTE

Stage 1
•Law of Obligations and Evidence (double module)
•Construction Adjudication Law
•Construction Adjudication Procedure

Students who are interested in the Fellowship Status of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (FCIArb) must complete the Adjudication Decision Writing short course.

Exit Award: Postgraduate Certificate in Adjudication

Stage 2
•Construction Law
•Advanced Construction Law
•Construction Contracts In Context
•International Construction Contracts

Exit Award: Postgraduate Diploma in Construction Law and Adjudication

Stage 3
•Dissertation

Exit Award: LLM/MSc Construction Law and Adjudication

ARBITRATION AND ADJUDICATION ROUTE

Stage 1
•Law of Obligations and Evidence (double module)
•Arbitration Law
•Arbitration Practice & Procedure

Exit Award: Postgraduate Certificate in Arbitration

Stage 2
•Construction Law
•Advanced Construction Law
•Construction Adjudication Law
•Construction Adjudication Procedure

Exit Award: Postgraduate Diploma in Construction Law, Arbitration and Adjudication

Stage 3
•Dissertation

Exit Award: LLM/MSc in Construction Law, Arbitration and Adjudication

Note: In order to meet the RICS accreditation requirements students must also complete the module in Construction Contracts In Context

Format

This course is suitable for the working professional as it is taught online, by distance learning. The flexible structure of the course allows a choice of study routes depending on discipline and professional needs. The vocational nature of the course allows the graduate to use the skills and knowledge obtained to steer their career advancement. Apart from the masters degree, students can study four modules for a Postgraduate Certificate or eight modules for a Postgraduate Diploma.

Teaching will be delivered through the University's online virtual learning environment, Campus Moodle, allowing students to interact with tutors and fellow students around the world. Online study allows for a diverse range of teaching and learning methods to be employed including interactive online discussions (including tutor-student and student-student interaction), and all supported by a dedicated technical team. The use of diverse and hi-tech learning methods promises the student a stimulating, interactive and informative learning experience.

Online Learning

Our supported distance learning mode of delivery allows you to study online from any location and is designed to fit in around your work commitments. You will be taught and supported by experienced industry professionals who will recreate the same challenging interactive format of the on-campus courses for those studying at a distance.

Our virtual learning environment, CampusMoodle offers students flexibility of where and when they can study, offering full and open access to tutors and other class members. Students have the benefit of being part of a group of learners with the invaluable opportunity to participate in active, group-related learning within a supportive online community setting. The online campus provides students with lectures and course materials and it also includes:
•Discussion forums - student and tutor led
•Up-to-date web technology for delivery methods
•User friendly material
•Access to our online library

As online learners, students are part of a 'virtual cohort' and the communication and interaction amongst members of the cohort is a significant aspect of the learning process.

Assessment methods

The course is largely assessed by way of coursework which can be completed remotely.

There is now a portfolio of assessments for the first stage – which tests students knowledge and skills in a range of different ways but which is largely undertaken in the University’s online teaching environment. This portfolio does include one closed book exam for each of the arbitration and adjudication routes (and two over two years for the "joint" route (Route C), however. This is to be sat at a venue which is arranged by the student – with the support of the University.

The second stage is assessed by way coursework submissions in answer to questions posed by teaching staff and the third stage requires submission of a 15,000 word dissertation.

Careers

With its practical perspective and recognition from the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb), this course provides a professionally recognised qualification. The international recognition and popularity of this course also means that many of our graduates have gone on to work in high level posts within both the construction and energy industries, across the globe.

Employers expectations are increasing and a high quality and relevant qualification is often considered vital alongside any necessary experience. This qualification will certainly help advance the career of graduates in a range of sectors and positions including:
• arbitration practice
• construction industry
• legal profession
• architecture
• surveying
• oil industry
• engineering

How to apply

To find out how to apply, use the following link: http://www.rgu.ac.uk/applyonline

Funding

For information on funding, including loans, scholarships and Disabled Students Allowance (DSA) please click the following link: http://www.rgu.ac.uk/future-students/finance-and-scholarships/financial-support/uk-students/postgraduate-students/postgraduate-students/

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Overview

The Postgraduate Distance Learning Diploma in International Dispute Resolution - Arbitration is for you if you are seeking a qualification in International Commercial Arbitration but need the flexibility of online learning. This distance learning course is aimed at practising lawyers, barristers, solicitors and in-house lawyers who cannot attend classes in London. If you don't have a background in law but you do have arbitration experience, for example, engineers, surveyors and accountants, you may also be interested in this course.

The Postgraduate Distance Learning Diploma in International Dispute Resolution - Arbitration covers a comprehensive arbitration curriculum with in-depth study of arbitration theory and exposure to arbitration practical issues (including how to draft arbitration awards), and is taught by leading academics and practitioners in the field. The programme covers a wide range of arbitration-related topics (commercial arbitration, construction arbitration, investment arbitration, ADR, litigation, substantive commercial law).

Professional Exams Exemptions:

The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb) have approved the following exemptions:

◦CCDD002 – exempt from CIArb Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution/Associate Level
◦CCDM113 – exempt from CIArb Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution

Programme Structure

You can study the Postgraduate Distance Learning Diploma in International Dispute Resolution - Arbitration, part-time over 18 months (including the assessment and graduation period) by distance learning.

The year is divided into two seven-month terms, with a selection of elective modules being offered during the second term. The diploma requires the successful completion of 120 credits.
◦Taught modules (22.5 or 45 credits).
◦Each module requires around seven and a half hours of work a week over one term. Each module assessment will vary and consist of assessed tasks, a module essay and final assessment exercise (take-home exam).

◦Dissertation (15,000-words) (45 credits) – on a topic of your own choice.

Modules

Modules:
You will be required to take the two core modules:
◦CCDD001 International and Comparative Commercial Arbitration (45 credits)
◦CCDM035 International Arbitration Award Writing (30 credits)

Students must take a further 45 credits from the elective module list below (a minimum of three students are required for a module to run):

◦CCDD002 Alternative Dispute Resolution (45 credits)
◦CCDD003 International Construction - Contracts and Arbitration (45 credits)
◦CCDD008 International Commercial Law (45 credits)
◦CCDD005 International Trade and Investment Dispute Settlement (45 credits)
◦CCDD006 International Commercial Litigation (45 credits)
◦CCDM112 Multi-party Negotiations and Mediation (22.5 credits)
◦CCDM113 Labour Disputes (22.5 credits)
◦CCDD007 Dissertation (45 credits)

Application Date

Deadline for applying: 15 December (please check the QMUL website for deadline dates)
As this is a distance learning programme, we understand that applicants may live overseas or outside London and are unable to deliver supporting documents them in person. Electronics copies of supporting documents are acceptable for the online application. To comply with official admissions procedures, if you are made an offer, applicants must submit original certified or notarised copies of the supporting documents by post or courier and make a payment of part or full fees to be received no later than 12 January 2015. We have set the deadline to ensure that your documentation arrives in time for us to process it. This also allows time for you to receive the required course materials ready for the start of the programme.

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The LLM in Comparative and International Dispute Resolution aims to inspire a new generation of lawyers to rethink traditional approaches to conflict and conflict resolution. Grounded in dispute resolution theory, this Master of Law programme combines solid theoretical grounding, broad interdisciplinary training and opportunities for individual study and skills development.

School of International Arbitration at Queen Mary

The School of International Arbitration (SIA) at Queen Mary aims to actively participate in the academic discussion on arbitration. The SIA is a research-lead institution that focuses on the study of the particular problems arising in arbitration, and contributes to the development of arbitration theory. It also aims to teach and train a future generation of lawyers that want to be involved in international arbitration. Frequently, lawyers that practice international arbitration, whether as counsel or as arbitrators, have a limited knowledge of the complex theoretical problems of this specialist subject. The School takes a comparative and practice-oriented approach to the teaching of arbitration so that the students obtain a deep understanding of the special characteristics and needs of international arbitration.

LLM in Comparative and International Dispute Resolution

Professional Exemptions
QLLM006 - Alternative Dispute Resolution- Students who successfully complete this module will be exempt from the Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution with CIArb and can therefore apply to become an Associate of CIArb.

QLLM043 - International and Comparative Commercial Arbitration- Students who successfully complete this module will be exempt from Module 2: Law of Arbitration. Practicing lawyers may be exempt from Module 1 also meaning that they can apply to become a Member of CIArb.

QLLM052 - International Construction Contracts and Arbitration- Students who successfully complete this module will be exempt from Module 2: Law of Arbitration AND Module 2: Law of Adjudication. Practicing lawyers may be exempt from Module 1 also meaning that they can apply to become a Member of CIArb.

International Arbitration Award Writing Exam - LLM students who successfully complete the International Arbitration Award Writing Exam will be exempt from Module 3: Practice Procedure Drafting and Deciding AND Module 4: Award Writing (International). LLM students who successfully complete module QLLM043 OR QLLM052 and the International Arbitration Award Writing Exam and who are practicing lawyers may be exempt from Module 1 also meaning that they can apply to become a Fellow of CIArb (Peer Interview may be required).

Taught Modules

To specialise in this area, you must select 90 credits of modules from this list and do your compulsory dissertation in the same field of law (45 credits). The additional 45 credits of taught modules can be in this area or can be unrelated and therefore selected from the full list of LLM available modules.

All modules are 45 credits unless otherwise stated below.

Note: Not all of the modules listed will be available in any one year. Any modules not available in the forthcoming academic session will be marked as soon as this information is confirmed by teaching academics.

QLLM006 Alternative Dispute Resolution
◦ QLLM009 Commercial Law Written and Oral Advocacy
◦ QLLM043 International and Comparative Commercial Arbitration
◦ QLLM050 International Commercial Law
◦ QLLM051 International Commercial Litigation - Commercial Conflict of Laws
◦ QLLM052 International Construction Contracts and Arbitration
◦ QLLM054 International Economic Law
◦ QLLM064 International Trade and Investment Dispute Settlement
◦ QLLM121 International Trade and Intellectual Property Law
◦ QLLM134 Regulation of International Trade
◦ QLLM146 Energy Regulation and Policy (22.5 credits)
◦ QLLM150 Strategic Decision Making for Lawyers (22.5 credits Sem 1)
◦ QLLM151 Negotiation Theory and Practice (22.5 credits Semester 2)
◦ QLLM153 International Arbitration and Energy (22.5 credits Semester 2)
◦ QLLM186 International Investment Law and Policy
◦ QLLM187 International Investment Law (22.5 credits Semester 1)
◦ QLLM188 Regulation of International Investment and Public Policy (22.5 credits Semester 2)
QLLM301 Maritime Arbitration (22.5) New for 2015
QLLM314 Transnational Law and Governance (22.5 credits Sem 1) New for 2015
QLLM315 Transnational Law and Governance in Practice (22.5 credits Sem 2) New for 2015

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Your programme of study

If you are already working within a legal profession internationally this programme gives you an opportunity to widen and progress your skills as an arbitrator. It is entirely delivered online so it can be studied flexibly around your work, family or other commitments and you gain a postgraduate diploma from a top law school.  Arbitration can be ideal for many business issues and challenges which can range of buying out a company, infringements, protecting investments and partnerships, employment and contract issues, and many other areas which might normally be taken to court as a result of failure to reach an agreement or may get resolved unsatisfactorily for all parties. You are able to interpret the law and case law to advise a business or individual about how a course of action may go if they act in a specific way. This may lead to conflict or resolution of that conflict before it reaches an unacceptable point. You are able to work with the International Bar Association and International Chamber of Commerce and London Court of Arbitration LCIA to resolve matters which may directly affect reputation and ability to trade.

The Diploma gives you further opportunity to develop your arbitration skills by distance learning with two weeks skills course in June each year. You study international commercial arbitration in Asia and the Pacific, the energy sector and you learn the set of skills, knowledge and research requirements you need to successfully succeed in arbitration.

Courses listed for the programme

International Commercial Arbitration

International Commercial Arbitration (Asia Pacific)

International Commercial Arbitration (Energy Sector)

Professional Arbitration Skills

Optional Courses can be taken at an approved overseas institution to 60 credit points and approval

Find out more detail by visiting the programme web page

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/139/international-arbitration/

Why study at Aberdeen?

•            You will be taught by a top 10 law school, with a 96% satisfaction rate in terms of employability

•            You join 95% of students who felt the programme met their expectations and 94% would recommend it to others

•            You study with over 40 nationalities which is a learning and networking experience in itself

Where you study

• Online
• 12 months
• Part Time

International Student Fees 2017/2018

 Find out about fees:

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/tuition-fees-and-living-costs-287.php

 *Please be advised that some programmes have different tuition fees from those listed above and that some programmes also have additional costs.

Scholarships

View all funding options on our funding database via the programme page

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/finance-funding-1599.php

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/funding/

Living in Aberdeen

Find out more about:

•            Your Accommodation

•            Campus Facilities

•            Aberdeen City

•            Student Support

•            Clubs and Societies

Find out more about living in Aberdeen:

https://abdn.ac.uk/study/student-life

Living costs

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/finance.php

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The Diploma in International Dispute Resolution not only provides an understanding of the theoretical, practical and ethical problems relating to International Dispute Resolution, but also provides a stepping stone for professionals becoming more involved in international alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes.

All taught modules are taught as part of the LLM degree. On this Diploma there are core modules which you must take in order to qualify.

There are two distinct Diploma routes, Arbitration or Mediation, to choose from, each with their own specialised focus.

Continuous assessment will provide regular feedback and enhance the student-tutor relationship. Students will also be able to address questions and concerns directly to the course convenor and the course director. Participants are entitled to use specialist electronic databases, such as Westlaw, Lexis Nexis and Kluwer Arbitration.

Why is the course relevant?

Mediation is developing at great speed in many countries. For example, it is part of the civil justice system of England and Wales through the Civil Procedure Rules and the provisions in the rules which encourage the use of mediation. Additional government initiatives in England and Wales have been introduced such as:

A pilot scheme for the automatic referral to mediation in the UK County Court Money Claims Centre for claims of less than £5,000.
Automatic referral to mediators for small claims court matters (claims up to £5,000).
A Court of Appeal scheme whereby appeals of personal injury and contract claims of up to £100,000 will be automatically recommended for mediation.
The Department for Business, Innovations and Skills has instituted a pilot scheme for two regional mediation networks for small and medium sized enterprises.
In Europe, the EU Directive on Cross-Border Mediation (2008/52/EC) has led to the implementation of mediation legislation throughout the EU. Beyond Europe, other developments continue: for example, Japan has introduced mediation in its financial services sector; Hong Kong is promoting mediation through new legislation protecting confidentiality of the process; the International Bar Association has drafted investor-state mediation rules; Nigeria continues to develop its multi-door courthouses through which mediation is a primary process.

core Modules

Modules:
You will be required to take the two core modules:
◦CCDD001 International and Comparative Commercial Arbitration (45 credits)
◦CCDM035 International Arbitration Award Writing (30 credits)

Students must take a further 45 credits from the elective module list below (a minimum of three students are required for a module to run):

◦CCDD002 Alternative Dispute Resolution (45 credits)
◦CCDD003 International Construction - Contracts and Arbitration (45 credits)
◦CCDD008 International Commercial Law (45 credits)
◦CCDD005 International Trade and Investment Dispute Settlement (45 credits)
◦CCDD006 International Commercial Litigation (45 credits)
◦CCDM112 Multi-party Negotiations and Mediation (22.5 credits)
◦CCDM113 Labour Disputes (22.5 credits)
◦CCDD007 Dissertation (45 credits)

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Your programme of study

Whilst you may read the case law of cases that do go to court, a surprising amount of cases don't reach court due to a combination of more regulation insisting the disputes are discussed and negotiated if possible before court action, and the fact that taking actions to court is a highly expensive process often due to court fees, barrister fees and experts, all required to supply evidence prior and during court trials. Being able to negotiate a solution in which all parties agree can be a very worthwhile process in which evidence and issues are openly discussed for all sides to hear and understand. Dispute resolution applies to many different areas of law which include family, employment, contracts, international, environment, and many areas of law. Not only is dispute resolution a preferred option it is now an obligatory option for many actions before progressing to court. At Aberdeen you are taught by professionals and experts with prior experience in dispute resolution.

The programme is delivered online so you can fit it around your life at any stage of your career. You gain enhanced negotiation skills across a range of sectors including commercial, employment, consumer and family. Mediation is becoming an important method of solving all manner of disputes as it is cost effective and reduces court costs. You are taught by a top 10 law School (Complete University Guide 2018) and graduates have a very high employment rate.

Courses listed for the programme

LLM - 28 months
Year 1 Compulsory
Arbitration Route -Legal Principles followed by International Arbitration Law
Mediation Focus - Legal Principles followed by negotiation skills

Optional Courses
Legal Principles
International Arbitration Law

Year 2 Compulsory
Arbitration Route - Negotiation skills followed by International Arbitration Practise
Mediation Route - Mediation Theory and Practise followed by Advanced Mediation Practise

Optional Course
Negotiation Skills
International Arbitration Practice
Advanced Mediation Practice

Year 3
Arbitration Route - Mediation, Theory and Practice
Mediation Route - International Arbitration Law
Dissertation

PGCert
Compulsory Courses
International Arbitration Law
International Arbitration Practice

Postgraduate Certificate Mediation
Mediation Theory and Practice
Advanced Mediation Practice


Find out more detail by visiting the programme web page
https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/978/dispute-resolution/

Why study at Aberdeen?

• The School of Law is ranked in the top 10 in the UK (Complete University Guide 2018)
• The programmes are accredited by the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators
• Anyone in a management position would benefit from understanding the principles, theories and practical techniques in successful
mediation
• There are many employment options for professional arbitrators who come from legal and other professional backgrounds
• Both programmes of study are entirely delivered online with access to the electronic library and plenty of support

Where you study

• University of Aberdeen
• Online
• Combination

International Student Fees 2017/2018

Find out about fees:
https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/tuition-fees-and-living-costs-287.php

*Please be advised that some programmes have different tuition fees from those listed above and that some programmes also have additional costs.

Scholarships

View all funding options on our funding database via the programme page
https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/finance-funding-1599.php
https://www.abdn.ac.uk/funding/

Living in Aberdeen

Find out more about:
• Your Accommodation
• Campus Facilities
• Aberdeen City
• Student Support
• Clubs and Societies

Find out more about living in Aberdeen:
https://abdn.ac.uk/study/student-life

Living costs
https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/finance.php

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This specialism offers a rigorous and practical program of study into the process of civil litigation and alternative forms of dispute resolution including arbitration and mediation.

Who is it for?

The Civil Litigation and Dispute Resolution LLM degree should interest and benefit a broad range of students. If you are already professionally qualified having taken the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) or Legal Practice Course (LPC) it will develop your understanding of practice and enhance your career. If you have legal qualifications in another jurisdiction it will provide understanding of legal process in England. You can enrol in the course straight after a law degree, although some experience of legal practice is an advantage.

Objectives

This Specialist LLM in Civil Litigation and Dispute Resolution programme provides a unique opportunity to enhance the development of a career in legal professional practice as a barrister, solicitor or other qualified legal practitioner. The course investigates the ways in which civil litigation can be managed strategically and effectively, and provides a practice-focused understanding of mediation and arbitration as alternative ways of resolving a dispute, both of which are becoming increasingly important to commercial and non-commercial practice alike.

This innovative specialist Masters degree is designed to provide a sound understanding of the rules under which litigation, arbitration and mediation operate, based on current scholarship including areas such as procedure, evidence and ethics.

Teaching and learning

This course is taught by leading academics as well as visiting practitioners including barristers and solicitors who work in private practice and in legal departments of major companies.

All modules are structured as 10 weekly two-hour seminars which comprise both lectures as well as interactive tutorials. All modules are supported by our online learning platform Moodle.

Assessment

Assessment is by way of coursework which comprises 100% of the final mark in each module. Each module carries the same weight in terms of the overall qualification.

You will be allocated a dedicated supervisor for your dissertation who will help them develop a specific topic and provide support in terms of resources, content and structure.

Modules

As with all LLM specialisms at City, University of London, you may take either 5 modules and a shorter dissertation (10,000 words) or 4 modules and a longer dissertation (20,000 words). All modules are of the same duration and are taught per term (September – December or January – April) rather than the whole academic year. If you take 4 modules you will take 2 per term in each term and if you take 5 modules you will have 3 in one term and 2 in the other. Dissertations are written during the summer term when there are no classes.

In order to obtain this specialism, you must choose at least three modules from within this specialism and write their dissertation on a subject within the specialism.

Specialism modules - choose from the following 30-credit modules:
-Commercial/High Value Litigation in London
-Civil Dispute Resolution Options - Strategic Use of ADR
-Arbitration
-Mediation and Negotiation
-International Commercial Arbitration
-International Dispute Settlement
-EU Litigation

Elective modules - for your remaining elective modules you can choose from more than 50 modules covering diverse subjects – everything from Human Rights and Energy Law to Mergers or Money Laundering.

Dissertation - those students who start the course in January will take two (or three) taught modules in the spring term (January-April), write their dissertation over the summer, before completing the remaining taught modules in the autumn term (September – December). Please be reassured that this structure does not disadvantage January entry students in any way; the dissertation is a separate piece of individual work, it does not directly build on the teaching and assessment which takes place on the taught modules. All students are allocated dissertation supervisors who assist students topic selection and in research methodology.

Dissertation (incorporating research methods training)
-10,000 word Supervised Dissertation (30 credits) OR
-20,000 word Supervised Dissertation (60 credits)

Career prospects

It is an important objective of this course to assist individual students who wish to build effective careers in managing and conducting civil cases, whether through litigation, arbitration, negotiation or mediation. With so much competition for those seeking to enter and develop a career in the legal profession, this LLM is designed to provide a depth of understanding and a range of skills that can make a real difference in building your career.

As a graduate of this specialist LLM you will be well placed to pursue careers in this area of law in private practice, in-house in a law firm, policy and government, non-governmental organisations and a wide range of non-legal careers in litigation and dispute resolution.

100% of graduates responding to the 2014/15 DLHE survey were in employment or further study six months after graduation.

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The international dispute resolution LLM, prepares you for a career in the challenging and exciting field of international dispute resolution. It provides you with a solid foundation in all relevant areas including both private and public international means of dispute resolution and allows them to specialize in the fields of their choice. As technology, trade and transportation have reduced the significance of borders, trans-frontier activity has become part of our daily routine. International and European law have developed dynamically to catch up with this quickly changing world and to regulate cross-border activities that national law can rarely govern efficiently.

Key benefits

- Our modules give you practical insight and a solid foundation in the growing and challenging field of international dispute resolution
- Taught by some of the world’s leading practitioners and academics
- Taught in the world’s centre of international dispute resolution, in the heart of legal London
- Features mandatory modules to give you an overview over private and public means of international dispute resolution as well as recent developments
- Covers all major areas of international dispute resolution, such as international commercial arbitration, international investment arbitration, dispute resolution in the EU and public international law – including human rights law
- New scholarship opportunities are available for more information please see our Law Scholarship information page

Visit the website: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught-courses/international-dispute-resolution-llm.aspx

Course detail

- Description -

The pathway features three mandatory core modules on mechanisms of international dispute resolution between private parties, mechanisms under international and EU law as well as current developments in international dispute resolution, providing students with the essential basics in international dispute resolution.

Beyond these modules students have a wide range of options of specialized fields of international dispute resolution, ranging from modules on international commercial arbitration and international investment arbitration exclusively taught by some of the world’s leading barristers, to judicial protection in the EU, human rights law and litigation, an advanced seminar on selected topics in international arbitration, international mooting, climate change, arbitration and intellectual property, international investment law as well as policy, negotiation, transnational litigation, world trade law and oral advocacy – the latter module again co-taught by a world-renowned barrister.

Students without any background in international or EU law can acquire the relevant basic knowledge in this field in the first two weeks of the pathway, in two not-for-credit optional “foundational seminars”.

- Course purpose -

This LLM prepares students for a career in the challenging and exciting field of international dispute resolution. It provides them with a solid foundation in all relevant areasincluding both private and public international means of dispute resolution and allows them to specialize in the fields of their choice. The school combines both King’s award-winning academics and some of the world’s leading practitioners.

- Course format and assessment -

In the first and second semester you study your selection of taught modules (half and full). These are in most cases assessed in the third semester (May/June) by written examination, or in some cases by the submission of an assessed essay. Please see further details for each individual module in the module list below.

Dissertation or research essays must be submitted in September, after the May/June examinations.

How to apply: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/apply/taught-courses.aspx

About Postgraduate Study at King’s College London:

To study for a postgraduate degree at King’s College London is to study at the city’s most central university and at one of the top 20 universities worldwide (2015/16 QS World Rankings). Graduates will benefit from close connections with the UK’s professional, political, legal, commercial, scientific and cultural life, while the excellent reputation of our MA and MRes programmes ensures our postgraduate alumni are highly sought after by some of the world’s most prestigious employers. We provide graduates with skills that are highly valued in business, government, academia and the professions.

Scholarships & Funding:

All current PGT offer-holders and new PGT applicants are welcome to apply for the scholarships. For more information and to learn how to apply visit: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/pg/funding/sources

Free language tuition with the Modern Language Centre:

If you are studying for any postgraduate taught degree at King’s you can take a module from a choice of over 25 languages without any additional cost. Visit: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/mlc

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Courses listed for the programme

With any international trade there is a need to ensure that all formalities are dealt with effectively and risks are managed as much as they can be. International Commercial Law is for you if you want to support and protect business in terms of all areas of trade, different business interpretations in each country and jurisdiction, intellectual property law protection, world trade production and logistics planning, oil and gas and arbitration. Within international property law you also learn about trade mark and brand protection, and cultural property issues as an optional course. You can work in a wide variety of careers in private business within energy, retail, manufacturing, IT and technology, and many other business sectors reliant on international trade to grow their business. You will be responsible for drafting and negotiating contracts within business operations, goods and services and you will have a deep understanding about business. You may also be required to go overseas and work long hours at times when you are busy.  This is an area of law with immense variety in it and diversity.

The programme at Aberdeen in International Commercial Law gives you the opportunity to study intellectual property of brands, products and trade, commercial arbitration and international aspects to energy law to a degree of detail.

You can study

International Commercial Law with Professional Skills LLM

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/148/international-commercial-law-with-professional-skills/

or

International Commercial Law with Dissertation LLM

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/146/international-commercial-law-with-dissertation/

COURSES

Semester 1

Critical Legal Thinking and Scholarship

Optional

Oil and Gas Law

International Commercial Arbitration (on Campus)

International Commercial Arbitration in the Asia Pacific (on Campus

Private International Law: Jurisdiction in Business Transactions

International Intellectual Property Law

World Trade Organisations: Gatt

Semester 2

Optional

Cultural Property Issues: Law, Art, and Museums

Choice of Law for Business

Corporate Environment Liability

European Economic Law

Trade Marks and Brand Development

International Investment Arbitration in the Energy Sector

International Trade and Finance Law

Carriage of Goods by Sea

Semester 3

Master of Law Dissertation

Commercialising Innovation and Law

Find out more detail by visiting the programme web page

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/146/international-commercial-law-with-dissertation/

Why study at Aberdeen?

•            You study at a top 10 ranked UK Law School (Complete University Guide 2018) 

•            Become an international advisor, 98% of students felt their LLM had added value to their career prospects

•            You learn in a cosmopolitan city of multinational industries nearby world brands in food and drink, and luxury goods

Where you study

• University of Aberdeen
• Full Time or Part Time
• September or January
• 12 Months or 24 Months

International Student Fees 2017/2018

Find out about fees:

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/tuition-fees-and-living-costs-287.php

 *Please be advised that some programmes have different tuition fees from those listed above and that some programmes also have additional costs.

Scholarships

View all funding options on our funding database via the programme page

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/finance-funding-1599.php

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/funding/

Living in Aberdeen

Find out more about:

•            Your Accommodation

•            Campus Facilities

•            Aberdeen City

•            Student Support

•            Clubs and Societies

Find out more about living in Aberdeen:

https://abdn.ac.uk/study/student-life

Living costs

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/finance.php

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The course is intended for anyone wishing to demonstrate a commitment to contentious law in public and private international and commercial legal contexts. The taught part of the programme includes modules which reflect the three main forms of dispute resolution process, namely adjudication (litigation and arbitration), alternative dispute resolution (ADR – principally mediation), and negotiation.

This course differs from the International Commercial Law LLM course which is primarily concerned with non-contentious aspects of commerce (modules include competition law, trade, and insurance).

Class sizes are, in general, quite small, and you will be able to mix with students on other Masters courses at Westminster Law School.

Course content

The course provides an opportunity for in-depth study of the substantive and procedural issues involved in the field, and also the acquisition of skills involved in some of the processes. It is centrally concerned with law and other rules (international and commercial) which are applicable in adjudication and also in the other dispute resolution processes.

In addition to taught modules, there is also the Dissertation module which provides an opportunity for developing a specialist knowledge of a small area of the field, which might lead to a publishable article.

Modules

The following modules are indicative of what you will study on this course.

Core modules
-PERSPECTIVES ON CONFLICTS AND DISPUTES
-POSTGRADUATE DISSERTATION
-RESEARCH THEORY AND PRACTICE

Option Modules
Arbitration
-COMPARATIVE COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: LAW AND PRACTICE
-FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ARBITRATION
-INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION

Mediation
-MEDIATION: CONCEPTS, EVOLUTION AND PRACTICE
-RESTORATIVE JUSTICE: CULTURES, INTEGRATION AND LAW

Negotiation
-NEGOTIATION: THEORY, CONTEXTS AND PRACTICE

Public International
-PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
-INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

Associated careers

The course is designed to benefit a wide range of individuals who are committed to developing their knowledge, skills and insights into contentious international and commercial dispute resolution. The range of individuals who can benefit include: experienced practitioners such as potential judges, arbitrators, and mediators; other professionals who need to have advanced appreciation of international and commercial law, such as civil servants, diplomats, directors, insurers, journalists, linguists, and managers; and paralegals and newly qualified practitioners who need to fill in the gaps left by their existing qualifications and experience to date;

The course will also ideal if you want to progress towards a PhD programme. The course will also be beneficial for you if you are taking a gap year between career stages, and if you are from continental European Union or other countries and want to improve your English for career purposes.

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Why take this course?

This LLM Law is designed to provide a flexible educational experience that enables law graduates, non-law graduates and lawyers to develop their specialist legal interests at postgraduate level.

Develop your expertise in very practical and sought-after subjects through taught units and supervised research on a course that promotes individual choice for your future careers.

What will I experience?

On this course you can:

Choose to take this course in full-time or part-time mode – whichever suits you best
Tap in to our Library’s vast selection of electronic resources, which can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection
Focus on particular areas of academic interest or develop a wider range of skills and knowledge

What opportunities might it lead to?

The Chartered Institute of Legal Executives (CILEx) Level 6 Diploma in Law and Practice is offered as an option for law graduates on our LLM programmes, giving you the opportunity to obtain its Graduate Fast Track Diploma together with your postgraduate law degree. After graduating this will enable you to apply for work as a legal executive or paralegal and following three years of qualifying employment, you can apply to be admitted as a Chartered Fellow of the Institute of Legal Executives.

The benefits are clear:

An opportunity to obtain relevant employment straight after graduation without the need for further study or a Training Contract
A recognised professional qualification in addition to your degree
As a Chartered Fellow of the Institute of Legal Executives, you have similar rights and opportunities of partnership as a solicitor.

Module Details

The full-time mode of this course lasts for one year and you will follow either the law route or the non-law route.

Law Route

Those who hold a UK law degree or equivalent will undertake a dissertation/professional practitioner project and four units from the following list:

CILEX Level 6 (this unit is only available to those who hold a qualifying law degree)
Community Legal Research Project
Corporate Governance: Theory, Law and Practice
Employment Law
Global Corporate Responsibility
Intellectual Property Law
International and European Business Law
International Commercial Arbitration
Work-based Learning Unit
Non-Law Route

Those who do not hold a UK law degree or equivalent will be enrolled on the non-law route and will undertake the following units:

Legal Approach to Business
Dissertation/Professional Practitioner Project
In addition, you will undertake three units from the following list:

Community Legal Research Project
Corporate Governance: Theory, Law and Practice
Employment Law
Global Corporate Responsibility
Intellectual Property Law
International and European Business Law
International Commercial Arbitration
Work-based Learning Unit


The part-time mode of this course lasts three years and you will follow either the law route or the non-law route.

Law Route

Those who hold a UK law degree or equivalent will undertake the following units:

Year One

You will undertake two units from the following list:

CILEX Level 6 (this unit is only available to those who hold a qualifying law degree)
Community Legal Research Project
Corporate Governance: Theory, Law and Practice
Employment Law
Global Corporate Responsibility
Intellectual Property Law
International and European Business Law
International Commercial Arbitration
Work-based Learning Unit

Year Two

You will undertake two units from the following list (excluding units undertaken in the first year):

CILEX Level 6 (this unit is only available to those who hold a qualifying law degree)
Community Legal Research Project
Corporate Governance: Theory, Law and Practice
Employment Law
Global Corporate Responsibility
Intellectual Property Law
International and European Business Law
Work-based Learning Unit

Year Three

In the final year, you will complete and submit your dissertation/professional practitioner project.

Non-Law Route

Those who do not hold a UK law degree or equivalent will be enrolled on the non-law route and will undertake the following units:

Year One

You will undertake the following compulsory unit:

Legal Approach to Business

You will also undertake one unit from the following list:

Community Legal Research Project
Corporate Governance: Theory, Law and Practice
Employment Law
Global Corporate Responsibility
Intellectual Property Law
International and European Business Law
International Commercial Arbitration
Work-based Learning Unit

Year Two

You will undertake two units from the following list (excluding units undertaken in the first year):

Community Legal Research Project
Corporate Governance: Theory, Law and Practice
Employment Law
Global Corporate Responsibility
Intellectual Property Law
International and European Business Law
International Commercial Arbitration
Work-based Learning Unit
Year Three

In the final year, you will complete and submit your dissertation/professional practitioner project.

Programme Assessment

You will be expected to attend eight hours of class time per week if you are on the full-time course whereas for the part-time course you attend approximately four hours per week. You will be encouraged to undertake independent study with time also devoted to group problem solving, discussion and debate.

The majority of the units will be assessed via exams, however much of your time will also be spent researching and writing your dissertation which concentrates on a topic of your choice.

Student Destinations

The LLM in Law provides a springboard for many career paths. It allows potential law lecturers to develop expertise in a variety of subjects and provides the basis for a career in business or the public sector. It could also enable law practitioners to pursue new subject specialities.

Additionally, Law graduates who complete the CILEx option may apply for membership status of the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives (CILEx). Membership of CILEx and success on this LLM course will provide a real edge when competing for trainee legal executive opportunities.

Roles our graduates have taken on include:

Designated detention officer
Legal clerk
Paralegal assistant
Business development executive

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Overview

The Postgraduate Diploma in International Dispute Resolution – Mediation not only provides an understanding of the theoretical, practical and ethical problems relating to international mediation, but can also provide a stepping stone for professionals to become involved in international alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes.

You will be taught by the School of International Arbitration, a centre for research and teaching in International Arbitration and Dispute Resolution at Queen Mary.

Mediation is developing at great speed in many countries. For example, it is part of the civil justice system of England and Wales through the Civil Procedure Rules and the provisions in the rules which encourage the use of mediation.

This diploma is aimed not only at lawyers, but also at other professionals who may be involved in mediation - be it as a disputant, representative or perhaps as a mediator. The course will introduce you to the process of mediation and its role in the resolution of disputes.

The core module, Alternative dispute resolution, interprets the subject as a truly interdisciplinary field comprising of law, social science, economics, psychology and others. This is a newly emerged and vibrant area of scholarship, hence it is impossible to give yes or no answers to most of the questions. Accordingly, the module will employ critical thinking and an open discussion approach. It is expected that you will be willing to share results of your research and be involved in active discussion of all issues.

There are two distinct International Dispute Resolution diploma routes to choose from, Arbitration or Mediation.

If you choose to specialise in Mediation this programme will:
◦Introduce you to the process of mediation and its role in the resolution of dispute
◦Give you the conceptual framework of the area, as well as introduce you to the current issues and debates within the discipline.
◦Invite you to employ critical thinking, and an open discussion approach.
◦Give you an international and comparative approach to the subject.
.

Structure

To qualify for the award of a Postgraduate (PG) Diploma, you must complete three taught modules, or two taught modules, plus one 15,000-word dissertation over a two-year period.

Core modules:

◦QLLM006 Alternative dispute resolution
◦Negotiation and mediation workshop (including residential weekend)

Plus one module from the list below:
◦QLLM052 International construction contracts and arbitration
◦QLLM064 International trade and investment dispute settlement
◦QLLM150 Strategic Decision Making for Lawyers (Half module semester 1)
◦QLLM151 Negotiation Theory and Practice (Half module semester 2)

◦Dissertation. 15,000-word research paper on a topic not covered by the taught elements and to be agreed with supervisor

Continuous assessment will provide regular feedback and enhance the student-tutor relationship. Students will also be able to address questions and concerns directly to the course convenor and the course director. Participants are entitled to use specialist electronic databases, such as Westlaw, Lexis Nexis and Kluwer Arbitration.

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The specialist LLM in Dispute Resolution offers an in depth understanding of dispute resolution practice and theory in both civil and criminal matters.

Who is it for?

The course appeals to existing legal practitioners as well as those who wish to work in the field of civil and criminal litigation, arbitration, international litigation and dispute resolution, legal services and tribunals. As it is domestic and internationally focused, it should be of interest to students from the UK, Europe and around the world.

Objectives

The Specialist LLM in Dispute Resolution is a unique course which provides students with a strong understanding of dispute resolution practice and theory in both civil and criminal matters. It concentrates on issues relating to dispute resolution in criminal or civil justice, including conventional litigation as well as alternative dispute resolution practices such as arbitration and mediation. This course gives you an opportunity to explore the area of criminal and civil justice from a domestic, international and European law context.

Placements

Each year a small number of internships become available and you will be provided with information about such opportunities and how to apply during the year of your study.

Academic facilities

As a City Law School student you will benefit from everything City has to offer including the Learning Success department and Lawbore, an online resource designed to help you find the information you need for the course modules. All course modules have online depositories through Moodle.

As part of the University of London you can also become a member of Senate House Library for free with your student ID card.

You will benefit from City, University of London’s extensive library of hard copy and electronic resources, including its comprehensive database of domestic and international caselaw, legislation, treaties and legal periodicals. There are two law-specific libraries – one at the Gray’s Inn campus and one at our Northampton square campus - with individual study spaces and dedicated rooms for group work.

Additionally, we are a short walk away from the British Library and the Law Library of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies.

Teaching and learning

This course is taught by leading academics as well as visiting practitioners including barristers and solicitors who work in private practice and in legal departments of major companies. All modules are structured as 10 weekly two-hour seminars which comprise both lectures as well as interactive tutorials. All modules are supported by our online learning platform - Moodle.

Assessment

Assessment is by way of coursework which comprises 100% of the final mark in each module. Each module carries the same weight in terms of the overall qualification. You will be allocated a dedicated supervisor for your dissertation who will help you develop a specific topic and provide support in terms of resources, content and structure.

Modules

As with all LLM specialisms at City, University of London, you may take either 5 modules and a shorter dissertation (10,000 words) or 4 modules and a longer dissertation (20,000 words). All modules are of the same duration and are taught per term (September – December or January – April) rather than the whole academic year. If you take 4 modules you will take 2 per term in each term and if you take 5 modules you will have 3 in one term and 2 in the other. Dissertations are written during the summer term when there are no classes.

In order to obtain this specialism, you must choose at least three modules from within this specialism and write your dissertation on a subject within the specialism.

Specialism modules - choose three from the following 30-credit modules:
-Commercial/High Value Litigation in London
-Civil Dispute Resolution Options - strategy, risks and costs
-Mediation and Negotiation
-Arbitration
-International Dispute Settlement
-International Commercial Arbitration
-EU Litigation

For your remaining modules you can choose from more than 50 modules covering a diverse range of subjects.

Career prospects

It is an important objective of this course to assist individual students who wish to build effective careers in managing and conducting civil cases, whether through litigation, arbitration, negotiation or mediation. With so much competition for those seeking to enter and develop a career in the legal profession, this LLM is designed to provide a depth of understanding and a range of skills that can make a real difference in building your career.

The City Law School has a vibrant Pro Bono programme including our award-winning commercial law clinic for tech start-ups Start-Ed.

The course will include guidance on national and international options for training as a mediator or arbitrator. Students who complete the LLM may wish to continue their academic studies by enrolling in a PhD offered by The City Law School.

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With any international trade there is a need to ensure that all formalities are dealt with effectively and risks are managed as much as they can be. International Commercial Law is for you if you want to support and protect business in terms of all areas of trade, different business interpretations in each country and jurisdiction, intellectual property law protection, world trade production and logistics planning, oil and gas and arbitration. Within international property law you also learn about trade mark and brand protection, and cultural property issues as an optional course. You can work in a wide variety of careers in private business within energy, retail, manufacturing, IT and technology, and many other business sectors reliant on international trade to grow their business. You will be responsible for drafting and negotiating contracts within business operations, goods and services and you will have a deep understanding about business. You may also be required to go overseas and work long hours at times when you are busy. This is an area of law with immense variety in it and diversity.

The programme at Aberdeen in International Commercial Law gives you the opportunity to study intellectual property of brands, products and trade, commercial arbitration and international aspects to energy law to a degree of detail.

You can study

International Commercial Law with Professional Skills LLM

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/148/international-commercial-law-with-professional-skills/

or

International Commercial Law with Dissertation LLM

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/146/international-commercial-law-with-dissertation/

COURSES

Semester 1

Critical Legal Thinking and Scholarship

Optional

Oil and Gas Law

International Commercial Arbitration (on Campus)

International Commercial Arbitration in the Asia Pacific (on Campus

Private International Law: Jurisdiction in Business Transactions

International Intellectual Property Law

World Trade Organisations: Gatt

Semester 2

Optional

Cultural Property Issues: Law, Art, and Museums

Choice of Law for Business

Corporate Environment Liability

European Economic Law

Trade Marks and Brand Development

International Investment Arbitration in the Energy Sector

International Trade and Finance Law

Carriage of Goods by Sea

Semester 3

Master of Law Dissertation

Commercialising Innovation and Law

Find out more detail by visiting the programme web page

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/degree-programmes/146/international-commercial-law-with-dissertation/

Why study at Aberdeen?

•            You study at a top 10 ranked UK Law School (Complete University Guide 2018) 

•            Become an international advisor, 98% of students felt their LLM had added value to their career prospects

•            You learn in a cosmopolitan city of multinational industries nearby world brands in food and drink, and luxury goods

Where you study

• University of Aberdeen
• Full Time or Part Time
• September or January
• 12 Months or 24 Months

International Student Fees 2017/2018

Find out about fees:

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/tuition-fees-and-living-costs-287.php

 *Please be advised that some programmes have different tuition fees from those listed above and that some programmes also have additional costs.

Scholarships

View all funding options on our funding database via the programme page

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/postgraduate-taught/finance-funding-1599.php

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/funding/

Living in Aberdeen

Find out more about:

•            Your Accommodation

•            Campus Facilities

•            Aberdeen City

•            Student Support

•            Clubs and Societies

Find out more about living in Aberdeen:

https://abdn.ac.uk/study/student-life

Living costs

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/international/finance.php

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In today’s global competitive marketplace, the successful corporate executive needs to understand how the legal system and legal regulation can impact on their own area of expertise. Accordingly, the BangorBusinessSchool and the Bangor School of Law have combined to offer an innovative suite of interdisciplinary MBA and MA programmes.

The MA in Banking and Law is an interdisciplinary programme that will enable the student to study key legal and regulatory developments affecting the financial sector. This includes the regulation of financial services, security instruments, corporate finance, arbitration and other issues affecting modern banks at UK, EU and international level. As well as the general principles of International Banking Law, you will also choose from a wide range of law and business. The programme will equip candidates with higher level knowledge in both the Banking and Law areas, as global Banking practice today is heavily influenced by the Law. In particular the financial and regulatory lessons to be drawn from the so-called ‘credit crunch’ in the USA and the UK will be examined. The MA degree is suitable for those who wish to adopt a predominantly non-quantitative approach to their studies.
Course Structure

January intake: Taught modules are undertaken in the period of January to June and September to January and will involve the study of 120 credits. The dissertation (or equivalent) is valued at 60 credits and is undertaken during the period of June to September.

September intake: Taught modules are undertaken in the period of September to June and will involve the study of 120 credits. The dissertation (or equivalent) is valued at 60 credits and is undertaken during the period of June to September.

Compulsory modules:

Research Methods: This module develops knowledge of intermediate and advanced research methods, and provides a basis in research methodology for those who may eventually wish to pursue research degrees.

Bank Financial Management: This module provides a grounding in the nature, strategic context and managerial functions of financial management in banks, and other financial services firms.

International Banking: This module examines the origins of international banking, the activities of international banks, the markets in which they participate, and the sources of risk.

Financial Institutions Strategic Management: This module examines the main theoretical and practical issues concerning banking business. You will develop a critical awareness of the theory of the banking firm, the motives for international banking, and regulatory and structural issues impacting on bank behaviour.

Financial Crises and Bank Regulation: This module examines why banks and financial markets are inherently vulnerable to crises, and analyses the role of policy makers and institutions. The roles of monetary policy, bank supervision and regulation, corporate governance and ratings agencies in mitigating or exacerbating crises are considered.

International Banking and Capital Markets Law: This module will provide a sound understanding of the law and practice of modern international banking, including the regulation and prudential supervision of banks in the UK and EU in the areas of capital adequacy and risk management.

Optional Law modules (choose 2):

Comparative Corporate Governance: Major corporate scandals in the US, Europe and the UK in recent years have raised questions about the organisation and governance of companies, in particular large multinational organisations. The growth of private equity buy-outs has also raised issues of transparency and accountability.

Credit and Security Law: The supply of credit is the lifeblood of industry but of course a lender will require security. This module will examine in detail the provisions relating to the regulation of the supply of credit to consumers and business.

International Corporate Finance Law and Merger Regulation Law: This module focuses on the study of leading case law and selected legislation, relating to international mergers and their financing from several common law countries such as the USA, Britain, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, as well as China, India and the EU.

International Commercial Arbitration: This module considers the theoretical and institutional structure of arbitration and alternative dispute resolution, examines the legal framework within which disputes are resolved and reviews the practice of international commercial arbitration.

Consumer Law: This module focuses on the main areas of legal liability and the pitfalls that can arise if an organisation does not comply with the relevant consumer protection rules both in the UK and Europe.

Intellectual Property Law: This module addresses the fundamentals of intellectual property law, the definition and scope of copyright; the authorship, ownership, duration and qualification for copyright protection.

Competition Law: This module focuses on the theory and law of competition, focusing on UK competition law, and EU competition law relating to the control of restrictive practices, vertical and horizontal restraints and abuse of a dominant position. Comparative regimes, in particular that of the US, are examined.

Industrial Property Law: This module examines the history and development of industrial property law in the UK, EU and internationally. It covers the law relating to trade secrets, patents, copyrights, design rights and trademarks.

World Trade Law: This module studies aspects of the regulation of international trade through the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organisation.

International Insurance Law: Insurance plays an important role in commerce and risk management. Insurance contracts are governed by the rules of general law of contract. The module explores the nature and scope of the contract of insurance, considers the general principles of insurance, and examines the relationships between parties to a contract.

International Taxation Law: This module studies the basic principles of income taxation of international transactions involving taxpayers of several European countries (including the UK, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Ireland), the US, Australia, Canada and Japan.

Employment Law: Modern employment law is complex, and imposes major compliance costs on employers. This module covers contract of employment, minimum wage legislation, discrimination against employees, and unfair dismissal actions before Employment Tribunals.

International Environmental Law: This module focuses on internationally recognised principles and values concerning environmental protection, and how they are translated into legally enforceable tools. Methods of environmental regulation are analysed and compared.

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